Benefits of Hosting Major Sporting Events Essay

1. When bidding to army an global sportsmanlike resultant, at that place is always the possibility that revenue will non ex tennerd expenses. How would you respond to a local group that would rather commence the urban centers money worn-out(a) on mixer programs?When a metropolis is preparing a bid to legions an international uninfected event, some split of the federation will argue that the taxpayers money should be invested into social programs that will benefit the community, rather than into clean events. It is a valid assembly line that multitudeing an international sporting event preserve have a true financial impact on a metropolis. An example of this is the great debt incurred by Montreal when they swarmed the 1976 Olympic Games (p.89 Thoma and Chalip). It could be argued that the huge amounts of money that were spent on grammatical construction new stadiums or argonnas, and modernising alive infrastructure, may have been better spent on education, hea lth care or subsidised housing. While there is some merit to the above argument, bidding and hopefully hosting an international sporting event can bring significant benefits to a city.The following are a range of benefits that can be presented to the local community i. A significant international sporting event should not be viewed as a single event in isolation. The event should be considered as fall in of a broader calendar of events offered by the city and the direct corroborative impact to the economy that this derives. An example of this is the calendar of events that Melbourne and the state of Victoria hold. Events held imply the Formula One Grand Prix, UCI Track Cycling ball Championships and FINA World Swimming Championships. These and separate major sporting events contributedto over AU$1 billion to the Victorian economy (dpcd.vic.gov.au/sport/major-events). The success of hosting an international sporting event can further support the host citys claim as being an ri veive destination to hold other major sporting events. ii. Second, the successful bid can lead to a number of approaches to urban re extension, which can ultimately benefit the host citys population.Tallon (p.5 urban revolution in the UK) defined four approaches of urban regeneration a. Economic an international sporting event can recruit the employment opportunities in the short- and long-term, increase labour supply and increase scotch use. b. Social/Cultural the international sporting event can infuse a sense of national pride, strengthen values and tradition of the host city and increase the level of interest and participation in the activity associated with the event. c. Physical/Environmental in the event of a successful bid, the host city can invest in constructing new facilities, improving existing facilities and promoting environmental or greener sporting initiatives that can benefit the community in the future. d. Governance the event will allow the engagement of the local community and the involvement of other groups, and for the host citys politics to review their administration and public policy (p.67 Sports Marketing Melissa Jane).Having the opportunity to host an international sporting event, can allow the host city to regenerate itself through urban regeneration. As a consequence of this regeneration, the host city has the potential to become more efficient and effective, and be able to hand over further support and resources where needed. iii. Third, a strong vision in promoting the host city and the region for the international sporting event can suck in visitors from other regions of the country and from overseas. This gives the host city the opportunity to showcase itself to the across the globe. This can have a positive economic impact during the event as a result of the influx of visitors and afterwards through the generation of new tourism markets (Cooper, Contemporary Tourism, p.169). The promotion of the host city can also achieve a greater awareness of the community in the wider sporting and tourism spheres. iv. Lastly, the improved infrastructure can enable the city to host further sporting events and serve the community for m any(prenominal) years.The earthly concern of an improved show, the attr activity of economic development and the increase in polite pride(Urban Tourism, Law p.149) has the potential to create a lasting bequest for the host city. An international sporting event has the potential to create an image that can potentially provide the host city with new levels of global recognition and opportunities for economic, governmental and social development (Pellergrino and Hancock p.2 2010 Deloitte). Although there is a valid argument for a city to invest into social programs that may benefit the local community, the points presented to the local group can hopefully extinguish those fears that the city is wasting the taxpayers money bidding to host an international sporting event.Th e event itself can be viewed as a part of a broader calendar of events, the community can benefit from the urban regeneration of the city, promotion of the international sporting event and the city can attract visitors from all over, and the event can leave the host city with a positive lasting legacy. 3. Explain how the Americans deal with China with respect to the renouncement of tennis player Hu Na from the Peoples Republic of China. Over many years, we have witnessed the entanglement of politics and sport. From the boycotting of international sporting events, such as the 1980 capital of the Russian Federation Olympic Games where the joined States and many other Western countries refused to participate out-of-pocket to Russias invasion of Afghanistan protests from individuals like Arash Miresmaili of Iran who sympathised with the oppression of Palestinians (p398 comparative politics Hauss) and refused to debate against Ehud Vaks of Israel and the expulsion of South Africa from many international events due to apartheid that was prevalent in the country. Another occurrence of politics interfering with sport is evident in the Hu Na Incident, which as Pendleton (p.13) pointed out was a twain-way fundamental interaction between sport and diplomacy, resulting in finiss being made at the highest political levels.The Hu Na Incident started in July 1982, where Hu Na disappeared from her hotel room whilst touring with a Chinese government sponsored tennis team. Days later, papers were filed with the Immigration and Naturalisation attend to requesting political asylum on the grounds that Hu Na had been pressured and persecuted by the commie Party of China. Hu Na was a rising tennis star in China. She won several tournaments, including the National Sparetime Schools Tournament in 1975, the National jr. Singles crown in 1978 and the National Singles title in 1981. Her success was not just limited to China, she also won the manifold (in 1981) and singles (in1982 ) titles at the Casablanca Cup held in Mexico. Initially, the United States had announced that any stopping point in regards to Hu Na would be based upon the advisory thought process of the State Department.Members of the United States Congress also urged the State Department to profess Hu Nas request for political asylum. This announcement provoked an speedy diplomatic crisis (p.190 women, sport and society). Upon hearing this, a Chinese spokesperson for the Chinese Foreign Ministry stated that China would hold the United States responsible for Hu Nas safe return and that such an incident would harm the heathenish exchanges between the two countries (Pendleton 14). The Pro-China newspaper Wen Wei Po also argued that Hu Nas visit to the United States was in accordance with the Sino-America agreement. Thus, the United States government had a duty of care for her safety, regardless of whether the invitation came form a governmental or non-governmental organisation (Pendleton 14). In April 1983, after al more or less ten months, the decision to grant Hu Na political asylum was finally made by the State Department. At the time, Arthur P. Brill of the United States Justice Department, released the following line of reasoning (Pendleton 15)Hu Na has been granted asylum under the Refugee Act of 1980, which provides asylum in cases where the applicant establishes a well-founded fear of persecution, due to their race, religion, nationality, political notion or membership in a special social group. The decision drew support from several quarters in the United States, most notably that of then United States President, Ronald Reagan. After the United States had granted political asylum to Hu Na, Beijing reacted sharply claiming that the decision to grant asylum to Hu Na had been immoral and a grave incident harming relations between the two countries (Nafziger and Wei p.135 Pandektis). The decision was also described as a grave political incident long premeditated and deliberately created by the United States (Pendleton p.16). As a result of this decision, Ding Gu, the Director of the Bureau for Cultural transaction with Foreign Countries of the Ministry of Culture, cancelled nine bilateral exchanges that included art exhibitions, execute arts group tours and a film festival.After citing that the United States could not guarantee the safety of its participants, the All-China Sports Federation announced it would also withdraw from ten international events that were to be heldwithin the United States. China further be to retaliate against future incidents, and that it would never for the sake of relations with the United States, throw away its principled stand of safeguarding its state sovereignty and national dignity (p27 Chinese Security Robert Ross). During all this posturing by China, the United States demonstrated its make up ones mind by refusing to send Hu Na back to China and granting her political asylum. Ronald Reagans administra tion publicly affirmed that the United States policy would remain changeless whether Beijing decided to retaliate or not, or threatened to range relations by withdrawing its ambassador from Washington, or some other action (p86 US-Chinese Relations Sutter). Beijing had clearly miscalculated when it thought it could threaten the United States on this issue, considering this was the period that the Sino-America relations had become normalised. It was a clear win for United States foreign policy, as they were prepared to reject any unreasonable Chinese demands, whilst seeking to improve relations with them.