Portrait :: essays research papers

Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManStephen Dedalus is born of a woman, created of the earth pure in his childhood innocence. From this beginning stems the birth of an artist, and from this the novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce recounts Stephens story. His journey is followed from childhood to maturity, and thus his transformation from secular to sacred to an awakening of what he truly is. The novel evolves from simple, child kindred diction, to sophisticated, higher ideas and thoughts as Dedalus completes his transition into an artist. In the beginning, Dedalus sees the world in an almost sing-song nursery rhyme sense, with a "moocow" coming down the road. By the end of the novel, Dedalus is mature and worldly a man who stands tall and who feels confident with "Old father, old artificer, stand me now and perpetually in good stead." (238). Through the use of the symbols of woman and earth, and white and purification, Joyce gives his nove l depth and wonder. These symbols follow an array of transformations, changing throughout the novel much like Stephen himself. The figure woman goes from the mother figure, to that of the whore, and finally to the representation of freedom itself. As a child, the image of the mother figure is strong. It is nurturing and supportive, that of "a woman standing at the half-door of a cottage with a child in her arms . . ." (10) who shelters and protects and makes Stephen afraid to "think of how it was" to be without a mother. As Stephen grows, however, like any child his dependency of him mother begins to dwindle, as does his awe for her. He begins to question his relationship with her and she is suddenly seen as a dirty figure, beginning the transformation of Stephens image of women from that of mother to whore. He first begins to questions the purity of his mother, his creator, his earth, when confronted by class mates, who taunt and confuse the innocent act of kissing his mother. He suddenly wonders, "Was it right to kiss his mother or wrong to kiss his mother? What did that mean, to kiss? You put your lawsuit up like that to say good night and then his mother put her face down. That was to kiss." (24) However, later in the novel the image of the pure and novel mother appears once more, but not in the figure of Stephens own mother.

Realism and Henry James Essay -- essays research papers fc

Realism, in the broadest of definitions, is the faithful federal agency of reality or verisimilitude. The realist is considered to be the philosophical extroverted . Within the scope of American literature, pragmatism spans the time period from the Civil War to the turn of the century. Some cl subscribe to that American reality was the product of a country shaken by war combined with technological advances and increased consciousness of nationhood. Realism, according to Weinberg, denies the continuum of time as meaningful dimension of experience because time cannot be seen or touched . In essence, realism was a solution to the problem of the past. It made a religion out of newness and contemporaneity . However, some critics of realism have criticized it as having been exposed as an insidious agent of the capitalistic-imperialistic-bourgeois hegemony .The advent of realism was much appreciated by writers everywhere for it was a response to the ever-changing cultural needs. Willi am Dean Howells, Mark Twain and Henry pack are few of the pioneers of American realism. With time, Howells abandoned the idea of the past and worked solely in the representation of American life. Twain, however, was in a limbo between his bonds with the past and a promise to the present. At this time it was James, who reconciled the ties of history and with an intellectual commitment to the present. James wrote The nontextual matter of Fiction in 1884 in a critical response to Walter Besants lecture on the same topic. Jamess basic aim in this critique was to critically analyze Besants thoughts on fiction whilst putting forward what he believed the art and form of fiction to be. James contends that fictional writing is the representation of real life. In The Art of Fiction he claims that a novel is a proof of life and curiosity . At other point in this discourse he writes, The only reason for the existence of a novel is that it does attempt to represent life . This is synonymous with the definition of realism that I have stated above which claims that realism in literature is the representation of life. In the essay, James highlights the basis, which he believes, are essential for a theatrical role of fiction to become art. According to him, a piece of fiction should be informative and should not carry with it the load of moral judgments or analysis. The characters and their psychological solve should... ...r, Everett. "William Dean Howells Theory of Critical Realism." ELH 16 (1949) 151-166.     Crowley, John W. "The Portrait of a Lady and The Rise of Silas Lapham The Company They Kept." (n.d.) 117-134.     Dicovery of a Genius William Dean Howells and Henry James. Ed. Albert Monrdell. clean York Twayne, 1961.     James, Henry. "The Art of Fiction." Longmans Magazine (1884).      James, Henry. What Maisie Knew. New York, 1909.      Pizer, Donald. "Late Nineteenth-Century American Realism An Essay in Definition." Nineteenth-Century Fiction 16 (1961) 263-269.     Rouse, H. Blair. "Charles Dickens and Henry James Two Approaches to the Art of Fiction." Nineteenth-Century Fiction 5 (1950) 151-157.     Salomon, Roger B. "Realism as Disinheritance Twain, Howells andJames." American Quarterly 16 (1964) 531-544.     Weinberg, Bernard. French Realism The Critical Reaction, 1830-1870. (Oxford, 1937) pp. 122-123.

Etiology of Developmental Dyslexia Essay examples -- Psychology Learni

Etiology of Developmental Dyslexia The long disputed debate about the particular cause of dyslexia is unagitated very much alive in the field of psychology. Dyslexia is commonly characterized as a reading and writing impairment that affects around 5% of the global population. The disorder has frequently been hypothesized to be the result of various sensory malfunctions. For over a decade, studies have made major contributions to the disorders etiology however, scientists are still unclear of its specific causal. Initially, dyslexia was thought to be a reading disorder in children and adults (1). Later it was suggested to consist of both a visual and writing component, and so characterizing it as more of a learning disability which affected people of normal intelligences ability to perform to their fullest potential (5). In the current research, cognitive and biologic perspectives have often been developed independently of one another failing to recognize their respective posi tions within the disorders etiology. The Phonological Deficit and Magnocellular theory are dickens of the most dominant theories in dyslexic research. Various theories have been suggested to explain the reputation and origin of dyslexia, however, they often served as additional support for either the phonologic or magnocellular theories. The Double Deficit theory suggested that dyslexic symptoms were the result of speed-processing (7). The Genomic theory posed that dyslexia was a highly heritable disorder that can be localise to a specific genetic component, Finally, the Cerebellar Deficit theory suggested that dyslexia was the result of an abnormal cerebellum exist (2). With the constant debate of the biological nature versus the cognitive natur... ...explanation of blase processing and phonological deficit theory of dyslexia.http//www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WC0-45FCDRM-M-1&_cdi=6724&_orig=browse&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2002&_sk=999199996&wchp=dGLbVlb -lSzBV&_acct=C000020258&_version=1&_userid=423519&md5=8fa40b6212ee8c82801e117a768bf4bb&ie=f.pdf5)Nature.com, Article discussing the two most prevalent theories of dyslexia the magnocellular and phonological theories.http//www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v412/n6845/full/412393a0_fs.html&content_filetype=pdf6) Infotrac, Article describing the double deficit hypothesis of dyslexia.http//web2.infotrac-ustom.com/pdfserve/get_item/1/Sbc1b55w7_1/SB765_01.pdfNON-WEB REFERENCES7).To see but not read the magnocellular theory of dyslexia. Stien, J. & Walsh, V. TINS v20 1997 pages 147-152.

Euthanasia Ends Suffering Essay -- Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suic

Euthanasia Ends Suffering Death is deeply personal, generally fe atomic number 18d, and wholly inescapable, but medical technology now can prolong our biologic existence virtually indefinitely, and, with these advances, comes the question of whether we should pursue the extension of life in all cases. Most people would agree that, under certain circumstances, it would be best-loved to cease our hold on life. Nearly everyone can agree that there are situations when terminally ill patients have the right to call for a staunch to life-extending treatments, and that their physicians bequeath have the moral obligation to comply. What appears to be quite difficult for us as a community to come to terms with is the thought that individual would actively intervene in the cancel process of the death of another human being. Why is it tolerable, even desirable, to intervene (with decidedly unnatural technology) in the natural process of death when it results in extending life, but intolerable and morally abhorrent when we act to speed the patient to his or her unavoidable death? Certain members of society see active euthanasia as killing, where passive euthanasia is viewed in the more favorable light of letting one die. My question is this how are the two morally different? Examine the following case Perry L. was a nineteen-year-old who played in a local band, loved the outdoors, and planned to become a doctor. One night in 1989 while driving a skidoo he ran headlong into a tree. Perry no longer has any cognitive abilities, he does not recognize anyone that he once knew, he cannot communicate in any way, and he has no meaningful control over his body or its functions. Perry will never recove... ...Brody, Baruch. Life And Death Decision Making. New York Oxford University Press, 1988. Chapman, Carleton. Physicians,Law,& Ethics. New York New York University Press, 1984. Friedman, Emily. Ethics Issues For Health Care Professionals. Baskerville Ameri can Hospital Publishing, 1986. Gay-Williams, J. The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia, affable Ethics righteous and Social Policy, McGraw-Hill, 1982. 48-52 Low, Charlotte. Euthanasia - Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1989. Maguire, Daniel. Death By Choice. Garden City Doubleday & Company, 1984. Rachels, J. Active and Passive Euthanasia, Social Ethics Moral and Social Policy, McGraw-Hill, 1982. 52-56 Reich, Warren. Quality Of Life. New York Paulist Press, 1990. Rothenberg, M. & Chapman, C. Barrons Medical Guide Second Edition, Barrons Educational Series, 1989

Other Minds? :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Other Minds?Bertrand Russell expressed his belief on knowing other minds, in an article based primarily around the notion of semblance, meaning equivalent to or likeness of. His belief is that, We atomic number 18 convinced that other people restrain thoughts and feelings that are qualitatively fairly similar to our own. We are not content to think that we know only the space-time structure of our friends minds, or their capacity for initiating causal chains that end in sensations of our own (Russell 89). Russell speaks of the inner awareness, such as being able to observe the occurrences of such things as remembering, feeling pleasure and feeling pain from within our own minds. This would then go out us to presume that other beings that have these abilities would then be that of having minds. The term analogy is very vague in nature, but when used in this context, we outwear that the behavior of other people is in many ways analogous in reference to causes. These causes being behavior directed from sensation or thought. It is patent and observable that people or beings other then I behave in ways in which we behave when placed in different situations. For cause sadness or the nature of anger or happiness can be seen in others. Others then can and do react to different causes similar to the way in which I do as well. Another consideration is that of shared experience. Russell uses the example of 2 friends having a conversation in which memoirs are explored. These two individuals have shared experiences together. They eventually discover that each others memories aid each other in recalling information forgotten with time. (Russell 89)It can factually be said that beings in which can think, therefore have a mind, thus have causes for behavior. As it is clear to me that the causal laws governing my behavior have to do with thoughts, it is natural to see that the same is true of the analogous behavior of my friends (Russell 89). Thus the aspect of infer ence is now the main concern when relating to analogy. Can we infer that other beings have thoughts and feelings to result such causes, as that in which is observable? Russell explains this notion with the example of mother and her thoughts. We find ourselves believing in them when we first attempt to reflect the thought that Mother may be angry or pleased is one which rises in early infancy (Russell 90).

Leadership Essay -- Leader essays research papers

Everyone has probably played the game Follow the Leader rump in elementary school. It is a game where the leader stands in front of the line. He or she can say or do anything, and her followers (standing in a straight line behind her) must repeat exactly the same thing he or she does or says. Whoever was picked to be the leader must have loved the experience because one had the freedom to do whatever they please, while others followed miserably or happily depending on what the leader is saying or doing. However, if one was the follower, one would wait anxiously to be the next chosen leader. At the same time, one must somehow express his or her self in a fashion that will make them stand out from the rest of the students. Whether he or she is perfectly imitating the leader or behaving really respectfully of others. Nonetheless, who determines who should be the leader? What kind of characteristics must a leader possessed? What makes a great leader (Robbins, 2005)? Is there only one kind leadinghip? These questions will be answered as you continue to read on. In addition, you will come across case studies, real life experiences, and my own observation on how leading in my work setting exhibit leadership behavior and how followers respond to it. leadership is the capability to influence a person or a group to achieve many goals (Robbins, 2005). To elaborate, leadership is a complex process by which a person influences others to accomplish a mission, task, or objectives and directs the scheme in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent by applying their leadership attributes such as values, ethics, knowledge, skills, and belief (Clark, 2000). Most importantly, not all leaders happen to be managers, and not all managers are leaders (Robbins, 2005). Even though one is positioned as a manager or a supervisor (he has the power to accomplish certain tasks within the organization) it does not necessarily mean he is a leader unless he makes people want to a chieve high school goals and objectives. He has the authority to tell his subordinates to do the task and they will do it just to complete it but is not interested in achieving higher goals. However, leaders can emerge from within a group as well as being formally appointed manager (Robbins, 2005).What is great leadership? According to the feature theories, some personality traits may lead pe... ... be technically proficient one must know his job and the duties of his employees. A leader should always find out for new ways to guild your organization to new heights. And if it does not work, re-evaluate, take corrective action and move on to the next challenge. However, do not cypher for someone to blame. A good leader is not an authoritarian leader. A good leader sets good examples (employees should also see and hear what they are pass judgment to do) and work as a team. A good leader always look out for the well being of their people and always keep them informed. (Clark, 1999 ). Leadership is like an ARTREFERENCEBallentine, k., George, A., and Hamburg, D. (1999). Preventing deadly conflict the critical role of leadership. Archieves of General Psychiatry 56, 971-976.Clark, D. (2000). Big dogs leadership page-concept of leadership. Retrieved on celestial latitude 02, 2004 from http//www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadcon.html.In Brief do women make better leaders? (2004). Harvard Mental Health Letter, pNA.Pree, M.D (1992). Leadership jazz. New York A Dell Trade Paperback.Robbins, S. (2005). Essentials of organizational behavior. New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.

Leadership Essay -- Leader essays research papers

Every unitary has probably played the spunky Follow the Leader back in elementary school. It is a game where the run lower stands in front of the line. He or she can say or do anything, and her followers (standing in a straight line butt her) must(prenominal) repeat exactly the same thing he or she does or says. Whoever was picked to be the attractor must have loved the experience because one had the freedom to do whatever they please, while others followed miserably or happily depending on what the leader is saying or doing. However, if one was the follower, one would wait apprehensively to be the next chosen leader. At the same time, one must somehow express his or her self in a fashion that exit make them stand out from the rest of the students. Whether he or she is perfectly imitating the leader or behaving re every(prenominal)y respectfully of others. Nonetheless, who determines who should be the leader? What kind of characteristics must a leader possessed? What makes a great leader (Robbins, 2005)? Is there only one kind leadership? These questions will be answered as you lodge to read on. In addition, you will come across case studies, real life experiences, and my own observation on how leaders in my work panorama exhibit leadership behavior and how followers respond to it. Leadership is the capability to influence a person or a group to achieve numerous goals (Robbins, 2005). To elaborate, leadership is a complex process by which a person influences others to accomplish a mission, task, or objectives and directs the judicature in a way that makes it more(prenominal) cohesive and coherent by applying their leadership attributes such as values, ethics, knowledge, skills, and belief (Clark, 2000). Most importantly, not all leaders happen to be managers, and not all managers are leaders (Robbins, 2005). Even though one is positioned as a manager or a supervisor (he has the power to accomplish certain tasks inwardly the organization) it does n ot necessarily mean he is a leader unless he makes people want to achieve high goals and objectives. He has the authority to tell his subordinates to do the task and they will do it just to complete it but is not interested in achieving higher goals. However, leaders can emerge from within a group as well as being formally appointed manager (Robbins, 2005).What is great leadership? According to the trait theories, some personality traits may lead pe... ... be technically proficient one must know his job and the duties of his employees. A leader should always look for new ways to guild your organization to new heights. And if it does not work, re-evaluate, take corrective action and move on to the next challenge. However, do not look for someone to blame. A good leader is not an authoritarian leader. A good leader sets good examples (employees should also see and hear what they are expected to do) and work as a team. A good leader always look out for the well being of their people a nd always keep them informed. (Clark, 1999). Leadership is like an ARTREFERENCEBallentine, k., George, A., and Hamburg, D. (1999). Preventing acid conflict the critical role of leadership. Archieves of General Psychiatry 56, 971-976.Clark, D. (2000). Big dogs leadership page-concept of leadership. Retrieved on December 02, 2004 from http//www.nwlink.com/donclark/leader/leadcon.html.In Brief do women make better leaders? (2004). Harvard Mental Health Letter, pNA.Pree, M.D (1992). Leadership jazz. New York A Dell Trade Paperback.Robbins, S. (2005). Essentials of organizational behavior. New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.

Should Recycling Be Required by Law?

PRO MANDATORY recycle * Recycling is so beneficial for our planet that it should definitely be required. In an ideal world, everyone would voluntarily recycle, but lets face it Thats never going to happen. It makes me so angry when I watch students in my school throw their plastic water bottles in the fling can when there is a recycle can right next to it * Nearly 70 million tons of material are kept off from landfills each year thanks to recycling, gibe to the National Recycling Coalition. If we have just 30 part of the population recycling, wed reduce greenhouse gas emissions as much as if we removed 25 million cars from the road Imagine how many greenhouse gas emissions we could get rid of if everyone recycled. * Its so easy to recycle, and if much people do it, then it becomes more cost-effective. Some people against mandatory recycling say that its costly, but recycling is a less expensive dish out if more people are involved.In fact, two years after stark naked York City decided that mandatory recycling was a drain on the urban center costing $40 million they discovered that a redesigned, more efficient recycling system could actually save the city $20 million New York City has now signed a 20-year recycling contract. * We need to get more cities and states on board with mandatory recycling. In addition to helping the environment, recycling programs help stimulate the economy by creating more jobs. The benefits of mandatory recycling far outweigh the drawbacks, and its up to you, CosmoGIRL eaders, to get your cities on board Write to your local anesthetic official and let her or him know how you feel about mandatory recycling. Your actions can make all the difference Laura Carusco, 18, New York City, NY ANTI MANDATORY RECYCLING * Mandatory recycling is one of the newest fads in the go green movement. But what you may not realize is that its also one of the most costly and wasteful activities to get across America. * Contrary to what most peopl e think, recycling does not save irreplaceable sources. Take a look at the current prices for everyday items, handle paper.According to the belief of supply and demand, since the price is so cheap, there must be a large supply that backs it up. For example, a pack of notebook paper ranges from just 20 cents to 50 cents. If we were at risk of running out of trees, the price would be much higher. * Also, by development less of one resource, we are inevitably using more of others. Daniel K. Benjamin, senior associate of the Property and Environment Research Center, stated in a report that on average, curbside recycling is 35 to 55 percent more costly nationwide than conventional disposal. Benjamin goes on to say that in Seattle, where the council decided to make recycling mandatory, they are wasting resources by charging as well as much for trash pickup and not charging enough for recycling pickup. Also, think about all of the extra pollution caused by the recycling pickup trucks I ts like having a garbage truck come through twice a week instead of just once. * Its also a misconception that were running out of style in our landfills. There is enough room just in America to last us for years, and we can always add landfills.Another misconception is that our trash is harmful, but according to the Environmental Protection Agency, a cancer-related death due to modern landfills only occurs about once every 50 years. Cancer causes over half a million deaths a year in the United States alone, so one cancer-related death every 50 years doesnt even compare. * Although voluntary recycling has its benefits, it is altogether unnecessary and wasteful to make it mandatory. Aliza Sajjad, 18, Concord, CA

Identification of Key Problems in Panera Bread Essay

Synopsis of the situationPanera Bread is a fast provender company that aims to provide a step product. They make and sell specialty breads, salads and soups. They simoleonsed strong in 1981, and currently name over 1800 stores with company managed and operated as well as franchised locations (Panera Bread, 2012). The company jumped into the frontline of restaurant custody and has gained, with gr eat up run, a good number of customers. If you go to any peerless of their restaurant locations you will find similar services in each and every store. There is always a choice to dine indoors or outdoors, a fire vex which aims to make you feel at home turn reading your paper or drinking you coffee in the morning, especially in the winter months.They are also known for their services of exonerate refills on coffee, tea or fountain drinks as well as complimentary water with slices of lemons. There is also free inlet to the internet through Wi-Fi, making Panera locations a great di ssect environment for college school-age childs. It is also well equipped with screens that display theproduct they offer which adds an other(a) great feature to their appealing design. Although they have been growing so fast, they unbosom concord a competitive touch in the market. This is all due to their great design, dining atmosphere, fresh products, reward cards, ready to hand(predicate) study and work environment, and high-octane services.The experience that a customer is provided with at Panera is remarkable in the fast food industry. All of their competitors, such as McDonalds and Burger force for instance, only offer a fast product that may be cheaper in monetary price than Panera, but at the expense of health and sometimes quality. Panera Bread combined all of their competitor weaknesses and now provide fast food services, with quality, healthy products to millions of customers and this is the secret to the arts success (Panera, 2014a).Key wall plugsFor us to iden tify the strike issues at Panera Bread, we have to look at them from a competitor stand point and compare them to what others have. It is necessary to first examine Panera Bread. Panera Breads taper is on small neighborhood environments and will rarely be found in a major or large city. When lunch time comes and we start to think about what and where we should go for lunch, then Panera Bread is one of the options. After finding one and driving in that location, you will be shocked with how busy the place is and will doubt that you will have time in the one hour lunch to continue on line to place an order and indemnify around 11-13 dollars for a quality meal. Then, due to the large number of customers, they usually give a machine that vibrates and flashes when your order is ready. By that time, you should run to your car and eat your meal while driving beca mathematical function this meal might cost you your job, on top of what you on the dot paid. Even if you have time and dec ided to dine in, there will be no place to sit because most disheartens have been occupied by others and will belike resemble a library, since most great incubate are sitting with their laptops open or reading a book.A continual value meal costs a minimum of 11-13 dollars. This is their You Pick both value meal, which includes two items of your choice your choice combinations of sandwich, pasta, and soups, which all come with a smallpiece of French bread (Panera, 2014c). The same amount of money would probably feed 2 people at McDonalds with desserts, two at Quiznos, and possibly one at Applebees.Being identified as a fast food chain, just like McDonalds and Quiznos, Panera Bread involves a longer wait time. Finding a location, then parking your car and walking in to just wait on a huge line to make an order and then wait for your meal to be ready takes time. Even though they are efficient at their job, it still is not as fast as the other fast food competitors.Panera Bread is very attractive environment for someone looking to spend the day especially with their unlimited free refills of drinks both cold and hot. A college student might sit there from sunrise to sunset studying, just like what I am doing right now, working on my assignments and leaving no place for a family or group to sit. Identification of one key problem and the opportunityThe problem College students mostly are sitting on most of the tables without any space left for the neighborhood families or the other miserable term customers. In some way Panera has replaced the libraries for a lot of students due to their free drinks, as mentioned earlier. Panera is proud of their achievement of having established these types of customers. As long as they are not interfering with the other type of customer, then it is a great idea asset. However, in reality, when most of who are sitting and occupying the tables are students and nearly no other type of customer, then the business operation wil l be compromised. When you buy a meal, you need to be able to sit to suck it and this is not possible when everything is occupied, which reachs un blessed customers who are less likely to return.The opportunity It is possible to be able to accommodate both types of customers by making parameters to reply the needs of both parties of these types of populations. What attracts students is the free Wi-Fi that Panera provides and by intelligently controlling this feature, they can actually control the student population in the establishment and create a balancebetween these two populations by serving both of their needs.The solution made through Wi-Fi control is an opportunity after identifying the problem that Panera is having. The solution involves conclusion down the Wi-Fi service during lunch peak hours. At the beginning students will probably relocate and then they will most likely adapt to the variety show and come right back since they know they cannot get what they get at Pa nera at any other place. So the new lunch time hours without free Wi-Fi would be from 11am-2pm. It is important for Panera not to scare their current student population away, because these are already established customers. When it is not peak hours and the place is filled with these students, this admirers to create a relaxing and a very attractive dining that is only linked with Panera locations.This opportunity and approach will serve both of these customer populations and help build a healthy relationship with both types. This is better than just targeting one population over the other and makes it possible for both to be happy and have a good experience at Panera. Alternative solutions to the one key problemThere are some other available strategies to deal with the issue of too much student population occupying the tables at Panera. A fee for the Wi-Fi could be charged. This would, however, make them less likely to choose Panera as their study spot. This solution will not only decrease the number of student occupants, but it will also have an impact on the environment that Panera created in their locations as being known for their special dining experience and this will hurt their reputation in the long run as a couthie and welcoming restaurant.Many of the Panera locations already have a limit of half an hour on Wi-Fi in lunch peak hours, which has left some in a bad way(p) customers (Panera, 2014b). These customers argue that Panera is advertising free Wi-Fi, but not providing the service. In reality, thirty minutes is not enough for anything. Also, Panera bread is well known as a casual place for meetings for some businesses and workers and limiting the Wi-Fi to 30 minutes islimiting the ability for customers to treat the restaurant as a work environment. This could easily transfigure Panera from a friendly experience to an unfriendly one (Graham, 2012). This type of control of Wi-Fi will not solve the problem in reality. Thirty minutes of Wi-Fi is not enough and it will only make people run away and be reluctant to bring their computers.Another potential solution to this problem would be to enforce table sharing by students. Instead of one student spreading his or her papers all over a big table, he or she could sit comfortably with having someone else sit and share the table. This will make more seats available for usage by both populations of students and regular passing(a) customers.Another possible solution is to identify the number of regular customers that the restaurant gets on a daily basis and know how many table is needed to serve them appropriately. Or they may just chose a number of tables that is only selected for students to sit in and limit their access to other tables. This is done by placing flags on the tables or by just disabling the electric outlet on these tables, since most students require an electric outlet to access their computers. Selected solution and why it was chosenPanera Bread should accuratel y identify the amount of tables needed to accommodate all of the different populations of customers. After that, they should determine the number of tables needed to accommodate for students and the other customers who might remain seated for long periods of time using the free internet services. Then, they should mount a flag in the middle of these dedicated tables that says savant Friendly. This way, the student customers will respond better and not feel as if they are being chased out of the restaurant. This will also help maintain the environment and Paneras image as a friendly and welcoming restaurant. As a matter of fact, the customers will show more loyalty to the business.When I go to Panera Bread myself, I notice how many student customers are sitting at the tables and the number is overwhelming. It is hard to only think about one consumer base and neglect the other, as both are important to the business. As a matter of fact, the student customers are actuallythe one that gave Panera Bread its unique image. Some important questions that need to be answered include What would a Panera manager do in a location where the number of student customers would interfere with the business of the short term customers, especially during peak hours? Regardless of the answer, whether that is to leave them alone, ask them to leave, or limit their internet use, there is actually no good long-lasting solution for the future success of Panera to be maintained. Recommendation(s) on how to implement the selected solutionIn order for the selected solution or miscellanea to be successful it has to be done smoothly without interrupting any of the current customers population. This is done by taking the necessary steps that would make the change as smoothly as possible. Also, this change has to happen at all of Paneras locations. Since Panera keeps a record of a large number of customers through their reward cards, they should have access to their emails. They should sta rt by sending emails to their customers informing them about the current change at least a month prior to the actual change.This announcement should also take place at all of their locations by posting signs and giving out fliers notifying customers to the new change. These fliers could be given with a customers receipt. The notification would have to explicate what the change is and the reasons behind it. Panera has to clearly state that they are willing to accommodate both types of customers and be able to satisfy them at all levels without significantly modify the environment of the business and trying to keep a balance between both types.If this is done, the change will be smooth and with just little effort it can effectively implement the change with the least amount of stress on the customers. When this is complete, the needs of both types of customers are met without significant interruptions. Most importantly, Panera will still be recognized as having respect for all of th eir customers without forcing them to new changes that they might not like. This will lead to effectively utilizing the tables for both types of customers. For students, sharing will be a possibility to a maximum number matching the number of chairs on each table as opposed to only one student sitting and unnecessarily occupying thewhole table.SummaryPanera bread is a very successful business that was established a long time ago, with a great and unique environment that they created to suit customers of both types. They have some key issues that are still waiting to be solved but the main issue and the most important one is how to control the effect of student customers, who are utilizing the business tables as libraries, with keeping the balance of not hurting the regular everyday short-term-stay customers. For the problem to be solved, they have to find a solution that will serve both types of customers without significantly changing the current services that both get. unity of t he solutions would be to control the Wi-Fi access in a way that will serve the everyday short term customer and without significantly altering the access of Wi-Fi that is attracting the student consumer base and at the same time not compromise the business operation. The best possible solution involves limiting the number of tables that the student customers could use after identifying the number of tables needed to serve this purpose.ReferencesPanera (2014a). (n.d.). Our History. Our History. Retrieved July 14, 2014, from https//www.panerabread.com/en-us/company/about-panera/our-history.html Panera Bread. (2012, June 25). Nations Restaurant News, 46(13), 27. Retrieved from http//go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA295171410&v=2.1&u=lom_davenportc&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w&asid=593729bfd26cc732941cbf2cefe738ed Panera (2014b). (n.d.). Youre connected to the Panera wi-fi network.. WiFi. Retrieved July 14, 2014, from https//www.panerabread.com/en-us/wifi.html Graham, J. (2012, May 17). Talking Tech Customers clog Paneras free Wi-Fi. USATODAY.COM. Retrieved July 15, 2014, from http//usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/talkingtech/story/2012-05-16/panera-bread-wifi/55028144/1 Panera (2014c). (n.d.). You Pick Two. You Pick Two. Retrieved July 15, 2014, from https//www.panerabread.com/en-us/featured-menu/you-pick-two.html

McCain Foods Essay

1. Which four Ps make up the marketing mix?Answer Product Price sharpen Promotion Product this has to look and taste good and be made from wholesome ingredients. Price the price has to be attractive to ensure enough sales to generate a profit. Place the place and position of the product in the market is important to compete for market share. Promotion this has to fit the companys objectives for the product.2. Explain the different product categories in the Boston Matrix. Why is this a useful tool for businesses?AnswerThe Boston Matrix identifies four types in a companys product portfolio Stars. These products demand a high market share in markets that are growing quickly. For example, the Playstation was a star when it was first introduced into the games market. school principal Marks. These products have a low market share in a growing market. Costs are more than returns as the company tries to increase market share. An example of a Question Mark could be a newly launche d fashion item or a new car model. Cash Cows. These products have high market share in established markets, for example, cornflakes in the breakfast cereals market. Dogs. These products have low market share in a low branch market. A company may look to get rid of these products or invest in marketing to improve sales. For example, DVD recorders have replaced video recorders3. dissect how McCain Foods promotional materialal strategies tie in with its message Its All nice.AnswerPromotionA elevate demonstration of the Its All Good ethos is McCain Foods ethical stance on promotion. McCain makes a Commitment not to advertise to children under 12 years old. It also ensures that the retail labeling on its products carries clear data on levels of fat, saturated fat, salt and sugar to help shoppers choose healthier options. Its labeling is in line with the Food Standards Agency (FSA) traffic light scheme and the nutriment industrys Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA).McCain also takes part in different types of sponsorship, such as TV show Family Fortunes. This brings the McCain brand to a vast audience through a popular family programme. McCain Athletics Networks which encourage young people to get involved in the sport through local clubs. This further supports the companys approach to balancing calories in with calories out.4. Consider other promotional strategies McCain could use and say whether they are above- or below-the-line.AnswerAbove-the-line promotion is salaried for and includes traditional advertising routes such as television, radio and the press. These are good for carrying marketing messages to a large audience. However,it is less easy to measure the impact of these channels, for example, whether a TV advert has increased sales. Special displays or positioning in stores or advertising on supermarket trolleys are also examples of McCains above-the-line promotional activity.Below-the-line promotion can take many forms and is usually more under the co ntrol of the business. Typical examples include events or direct mail. McCain uses a combination of below-theline activities including door-to-door folder drops or books of vouchers which give customers discounts over a period of time. These help to attract consumers and establish brand loyalty so the consumer buys the product again. email newsletter for consumers. This creates a relationship with consumers, which is unusual for a B2B organisation. It not only allows McCain to communicate directly with and listen to consumers, it also enables the business to collect information, for example, about their lifestyles and product choices. This is used for feedback, research and promotions.

Week 9’s Final

Part One Write an essay of at least 700 words. universal writing skills must be used. The First Amendment to the ecesis bars Congress from infringing on the granting immunity of speech of the citizenry of the United States. It does not prohibit private restrictions on speech. With this in mind, many universities welcome everyplace the years instituted speech codes or have banned hate-speech. If you were in charge of a university what rules would you make for scholar conduct online?Explain your reasoning and support your attend to with examples and other evidence. If our legal reality truly reflected our political rhetoric about liberty, Americans and especially American college and university students would be enjoying a truly remarkable freedom to articulate and express controversial ideas at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Virtually every overt official declargons a belief in freedom of speech. Politicians extol the virtues of freedom and boast of Americas unique st atus as a nation of unfettered expression.Judges pay homage to free speech in royal court opinions. Even virtually fringe parties communists and fascists who would create a totalitarian state if they were in power have praised the virtues of the freedom they need for their survival. Few individuals speak to a greater extent emphatically on behalf of freedom of speech and expression, however, than university administrators, and some institutions more cl betimes advertise their loyalty to this freedom than universities themselves.During the college application process, there is a very graduate(prenominal) probability that you received pamphlets, brochures, booklets, and catalogs that loudly proclaimed the universitys commitment to free inquiry, academic freedom, diversity, dialogue, and tolerance. You may have believed these declarations, trusting that both public and private colleges and universities gratifying all views, no matter how far outside the mainstream, because they wa nt sound difference and debate.Perhaps your own ideas were unusual or creative. You could be a liberal student in a conservative community, a religious student at a secular institution, or blush an anarchist suffering under institutional regulations. Regardless of your background, you most likely saw college as the ace place where you could go and hear almost anythingthe one place where speech truly was free, where ideas were undertake and tested under the keen and critical eyes of peers and scholars, where reason and values, not coercion, decided debate.Freedom and moral responsibility for the exercise of ones freedom are carriages of being human, not means adopted to achieve this or that particular point of view. Unfortunately, ironically, and sadly, Americas colleges and universities are all too lots dedicated more to censoring and indoctrination than to freedom and individual self-government. In order to protect diversity and to ensure tolerance, university officials pr oclaim, views deemed hostile or offensive to some students and some persuasions and, indeed, some administrators are properly subjected to censorship under campus codes.In the pages that follow, you will read of colleges that enact speech codes that punish students for voicing opinions that simply offend other students, that attempt to force religious organizations to accept leaders who are hostile to the message of the group, that restrict free speech to minuscule zones on enormous campuses, and that teach students sometimes from their very first day on campus that dissent, argument, parody, and even critical conceiveing can be risky business. Simply put, at most of Americas colleges and universities, speech is far from free.College officials, in betraying the standards that they endorse publicly and that their institutions had, to the benefit of liberty, embraced historically, have failed to be trustees and keepers of something precious in American life. ThisGuideis an answer and , we hope, an antidote to the censorship and coercive indoctrination besetting our campuses. In these pages, you will obtain the tools you need to combat campus censors, and you will discover the true extent of your considerable free speech right(a)s, rights that are expedient only if you insist upon them.You will learn that others have faced and overcome the censorship you confront, and you will discover that you have allies in the fight to have your voice heard. TheGuideis divided into four primary divisions. This introduction provides a brief historical context for understanding the present climate of censorship. The second section provides a elemental introduction to free speech philosophys. The third provides a series of real-world scenarios that demonstrate how the doctrines discussed in thisGuidehave been applied on college campuses.Finally, a brief conclusion provides five practical steps for fighting back against attempts to enforce coercion, censorship, and indoctrina tion. Part Two Write an essay of at least 700 words. Comprehensive writing skills must be used. Between 1949 and 1987, the Fairness philosophical system was an FCC rule designed to provide reasonable, although not necessarily equal opportunities in presenting opposing viewpoints in radio broadcasting in order to avoid one-sided presentations.The practice was repealed under President Reagan as part of a wider deregulation effort. Do you think the Fairness Doctrine should be revived, revised, or left dead? Why? TheFairness Doctrinewas a policy of the United StatesFederal Communications deputation(FCC), introduced in 1949, that required the holders ofbroadcast licensesto both present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that was, in the Commissions view, honest, straightforward and balanced.The FCC decided to eliminate the Doctrine in 1987, and in August 2011 the FCC formally removed the language that implemented the Doctrine The Fairness Doctrine had t wo basic elements It required broadcasters to devote some of their airtime to discussing controversial matters ofpublic interest, and to air tell apart views regarding those matters. Stations were given wide latitude as to how to provide contrasting views It could be done through news segments, public affairs shows, or editorials.The doctrine did not require equal time for opposing views but required that contrasting viewpoints be presented. The main agenda for the doctrine was to ensure that viewers were exposed to a diversity of viewpoints. In 1969 theUnited States Supreme Courtupheld the FCCs generalrightto enforce the Fairness Doctrine where channels were limited. But the courts did not rule that the FCC wasobligedto do so. 3The courts reasoned that the scarcity of the broadcast spectrum, which limited the opportunity for coming to the airwaves, created a need for the Doctrine. However, the proliferation of cable television, multiple channels within cable, public-access channe ls, and the Internet have eroded this argument, since there are plenty of places for ordinary individuals to make public comments on controversial issues at low or no cost. The Fairness Doctrine should not be confused with theEqual Timerule.The Fairness Doctrine deals with discussion of controversial issues, while the Equal Time rule deals only with political candidates. The Fairness Doctrine has been both defended and opposed on First Amendment grounds. Backers of the doctrine claim that listeners have the right to hear all sides of controversial issues. They believe that broad-casters, if left alone, would resort to partisan coverage of such issues. They base this claim upon the early history of radio.Opponents of the doctrine claim the doctrines chilling effect dissuaded broadcasters from examining anything but safe issues. Enforcement was so subjective, opponents argued, there was never a reliable way to determine in front the fact what broadcasters could and could not do on th e air without running afoul of the FCC. Moreover, they complain, print media enjoy full First Amendment protection while electronic media were apt(p) only second-class status. Ill be honest, Id never even heard of the Fairness Doctrine until I read this question.After looking it up on a few different sites, Id have to say Im still not entirely sure whether or not I think it should be reinstated. I see both pros and cons to requiring licensed broadcast stations to present controversial public issues (which tends to apply mainly to political situations) in a fair, equal and honest way. I think this would create a more balanced source of rational discourse andinformationfor the public on such issues and in this way serves the public interest.That being said, I think this is getting uncomfortably close to infringing upon freedom of the press and speech. I understand that the Fairness doctrine has the best of intentions and has even served us well in the past, But often, even good legis lation leads to increased powers and control for government. No matter how many checks and balances our government has, It only takes one government officials loose interpretation of a law in order to justify abusing his office and encroaching up the basic rights our constitution grants us.

Relationships in Margaret Laurence’s “The Stone Angel” Essay

In Marg atomic number 18t Laurences novel, The Stone Angel, Hagar Shipley experiences many different familys. The key family births in her life are all with workforce her respectful but cold kinship with her father, her impersonal relationship with her husband Bram Shipley, her one-sided, protective relationship with earth-closet, and her distant but ultimately redeemed relationship with Marvin are each important aspects of her life.Hagars first key relationship is with her father, Jason Currie. This relationship has its basis in mutual respect. Hagar has tremendous respect for her father as a child she admires his ability to piss his own life as a successful storeowner by rising above his initial state of p everywherety and exhalation from no involvement to something. She admires this ability because it ushers a sense of perseverance and determination that she herself values. Additionally, it is crucial to her respect that he achieves his standing in life through his strong -will he make it in life by be strong and forceful earlier than by putting his emphasis on emotions. This strong-willed personality and unwillingness to show a form of weakness through emotions forms of self-complacency become cornerstones of Hagars own character. Indeed, the key factor in the relationship between Hagar and her father is that they feature a similar personality. Both insist on proving their strength and pride, stopping either of them from being able to connect to the other on an emotional level.This pride is evident in her fathers punishment of her when she tells a customer that there are bugs in his store as a child he clearly takes great pride in his work. Hagar too is proud, to the point of resisting her need to cry when her father hits her. She gains his resolve to put forth the image of strength at all times and to mask her vulnerability with pride. This form of strength leads Jason to carry respect for Hagar as well. She wants to please him, yet this simi larity in their personalities is the very thing that destroys their relationship. They are constantly at odds with one another(prenominal) because she has in many ways turned herself into him, and the character trait of indomitableness is one that asshole be particularly hindering when neither side is willing to give in to the other. He wishes to control Hagars life, and as both are stubborn and single-handed, he cannot possibly succeed and ultimately does not. His attempts to control her life by determining whom she will date only strengthen Hagars need to renegade and toprove herself, which leads to the final crack in their relationship her choice to get married Bram the person her father least approves of.This act of rebellion shows her need to prove her independence to her father, and her reaction to his insistence that she will not marry Bram only strengthens her belief that she must do so. When she does leave with him, the relationship between father and daughter effec tively ends, as neither side contacts the other. When Jason dies, he does not even leave the store to her. patronage their lack of communication, Hagar in time respects her father. This respect is evident in that she is deeply off stop when Bram urinates on the steps to her fathers store. It is perhaps most apparent in her narration years after losing contact with him, she still holds him in esteem and sees him as a model for her own life. Nevertheless, the relationship is a reverse because neither Jason nor Hagar is willing to allow his emotions to take precedence over his pride. Clearly, their similarities are such that their relationship is unable to succeed unless one is willing to give in to the other an art that neither Hagar nor Jason is particularly proficient in. later Hagar leaves her childhood behind she goes to finishing school and her return to Manawaka allows her to meet Brampton Shipley. Her impersonal, bickering and sexual relationship with Bram, although ultimate ly a failure, is a key one in her life. At first, Hagar is attracted to Brams physical appearance as well as his personality which sharply contrasts her own. Hagar is also initially attracted to his lack of expression of true emotion. Bram is tall, swarthy and handsome, but also reveals a gruff and wild personality, which allows him to do and say what he wants without being mindful how society judges him. However, Hagar is kinda mindful of genial status, which makes her more conservative and more polite than Bram. Although these opposing personalities ultimately attract them to each other, they become the main part of the get that drives them apart. Another part of this wedge between Hagar and Bram is Hagars refusal to open up to him and display her love life of him or even of their sex life.Some of Hagars refusal to open up stems from her fear of being hurt if she does, and some of it stems from the circumstances under which she and Bram were married. Like Hagar, her father w as also a socially conscience man and he refused to let his daughter marry a common farmer. Part of Hagar agreed to marry Bramsimply to spite her father. All of these circumstances lead to a change in Hagars relationship with Bram. Hagar grows tired of the uncouth family dinners, of watching Bram blow his nose with his fingers, and of watching him subject their children to the same wild manner.When their opposing personalities stop being attractive to one another and it becomes clear that it is an emotionless and unhappy relationship, she takes her son bottom and leaves him. He does not even try to stop her. Such an impersonal parting indicates that the relationship ended in failure and Hagar is ultimately responsible for this failure. She is the one that refuses to share emotion with him, she is the one who is overly critical of him, and she is the one who leaves him. Brams only responsibility in the failure of their relationship is that he does not change and eventually gives up. Hagars s one-sided relationship with John is the only one in which she shows love. Hagar unquestionably loves John, and offers herself emotionally to him alone. She pours everything into John, leaving little love for anyone else in her life. John does not appreciate his mothers love as much as he perhaps should, and he is frustrated by her nagging more than he is appreciative of her love. Despite this lack of appreciation, Hagar continues to direct all of her energy into raising John. She is quite controlling, and attempts to run every part of his life a remnant of her own relationship with her father. Hagars constant badgering and nagging drive John forward from her as her fathers own domineering nature drove her away. Although at first John appreciates her love, the relationship changes as he wishes to grow independent of her and begins to resent her. She still cannot let go trying to control his relationship with Arlene to no avail.The ultimate fate of this relationship is a failure. In spite of his mother, John goes drinking and takes up a dare to cross an old train bridge in his truck. An unexpected freight train crashed into his truck and he dies in brief after with his mother by his side in the hospital. Johns death marks the abrupt end of their relationship nothing can be done on Hagars part to reconcile with him. Johns rejection of his mothers love changes her more than he knows. Since she has put everything into her love of him and he has died a vain death in spite of her, Hagar becomes the stone angel herself emotionally blind and unfeeling, and unwilling to subject herself to thepain that love brings again. The blame for the failure of this relationship can be placed on both parties Hagar for placing unreasonably high expectations on John and overly controlling him, and John for rejecting that love and betraying the maintenance she has placed in him in order to escape her love and be an individual.Hagars relationship with Marvin is both grea tly in contrast to her relationship with John and largely the result of its failure. Where her relationship with John was intimate, her relationship with Marvin is distant. Where she was openly loving and nurturing to John, she is closed off and sharply critical of Marvin. Like her relationship with John, Hagars relationship with Marvin is one-sided for the most part, but Marvin shows emotion for Hagar in this case, and not vice versa. This different treatment of Marvin can be partly attributed to the circumstances surrounding her relationship with John. Hagar has always favored John because he reminds her more of her father whom she respects than Marvin did. Indeed, Marvins wit, perceived by her to be slow was more like that of Bram. Hagar places so much of her emotions and love into John that it is unsurprising that Marvin is always found wanting in her eyes by comparison.When he tries to impress her by cleaning the house, she criticizes him rather than appreciating him as she m ight have if it were John. When he prepares to go off to war, Hagar misses another key moment to connect with Marvin. She might not see him again and wants to reproach him, to comfort him and to express her feelings toward him, but she cannot she is afraid to reveal her emotions. He wishes to express his feelings, but is also unable to do so because of his timidity. Indeed, the path their relationship takes is opinionated as much, if not more, by personalities than it is by circumstances. Hagars personality is such that she takes great pride in strength and resourcefulness qualities she finds Marvin to lack. Her inability to express herself emotionally is both a key part of her personality and the driving force behind her many wasted opportunities with Marvin who needs the very level of acceptance from Hagar that she cannot provide.Despite this failure in the relationship early on, however, Hagars epiphany before dying changes the course of it and determines its ultimate success or failure. Realizing that she has never simply rejoiced and accepted the loveshe has been surrounded with, she gives Marvin the acceptance he has always needed by telling him that he has been a better son to her than John has. The early failure of their relationship can be attributed exclusively to Hagar she has the wrong expectations of him and sinks so much love into her ultimately failed relationship with John that she neglects Marvin. In the end though, Hagar is also responsible for the carnal knowledge success or at least redemption of their relationship. Her choice to make their last moments together worthwhile rather than another wasted opportunity make her relationship with Marvin the most ultimately successful one in her life.In the end, Hagars key relationships vary greatly some are defined by respect and others are defined by a lack of emotion of any kind. Others still find their basis in too much or too little love. Ultimately, Hagars achievement of self-realization b efore her death leads her to redeem at least one of the key relationships in her life redeem herself in the process.

How Globalization Went Bad From Terrorism to Global Warming

Steven weber believes that evils of globalization are even much dangerous than ever before. In his article he describes what has gone wrong, gives reasons for the instability, and provides solutions. Article 51 How Globalization went Bad From Terrorism to Global Warming In the Article How globalization Went Bad by Steven weber et al. the origin describes several reasons why having the unite States as the single super power in this modern global market is not exactly a devout thing.weber says that the evils of globalization are even more dangerous than ever beforeThe solid ground has more international terrorism and more thermonuclear proliferation nowadays than it did in 1990. International institutions are weaker, and the threats of pandemic disease and climate change stronger. Cleavages of religious and cultural ideology are more intense, and the global financial placement is more unbalanced and precarious. All of this is due to several key factors.In a section c altoget hered The Dangers of Unipolarity Weber describes three axioms that he says reveal these dangers, and he goes on to provide a solution to the United States burden with two strategies. a Axiom 1 Above a certain threshold of power, the rate at which new global problems are generated will exceed the rate at which old problems are fixed. According to Weber power does two things. It enhances the capability of the evoke to do thingsand increases the number of things the state must worry about. Weber compares this theory to the law of iminishing returns. Because powerful nations are so influential in every receding of the world, they can do anything by using leverage resulting in the creation of massive debt. Every powerful nation has fallen to the law of diminishing returns. Weber blames the fall of Byzantines and the Romans to this idea. What axiom one means is that more U. S. power is not the answer it is just a part of the problem, Weber says a multipolar world would roughly certai nly manage the globes pressing problems more efficiently.In other words spreading the power also spreads the responsibility, having a multipolar world would allow for a global system of checks and balances between nations. Axiom 2 in an increasingly networked world, places that fall between the networks are very dangerous places and there will be more ungoverned zones when there is only one network to join. Weber uses Afghanistan as an example of a place that fell between the networks. Afghanistan was a partially failed and a partially connected state, that is what made it so dangerous. It worked through interstices of globalization using drug trade, counterfeiting and terrorism.No single super power can monitor all of the gaps in globalization. With more pressing issues at hand problems that occur in gaps like this are often overlooked. But, with a world of many super powers a more interest-rich environment is created. Weber explains that it is harder for terrorist organizations and cartels to pop up when the seams of globalization are held together with strong ties. Axiom 3 Without a real chance to experience useful allies to counter a super power, opponents will try to neutralize power by going nuclear or going bad. Weber explains that weaker countries attempt to protect themselves by joining forces with a larger and more stable country that can provide military relief. But, when the choice of allies is limited, littler countries turn to more unethical tactics when dealing with international problems.With only one superpower to choose from many of these small countries are alienated. Weber says that having a multi-super power global community helps to protect smaller countries and keep the threat of war at bay. Creating more super powers is an efficient way of balancing world power, and constraining the Statesn power. Weber provides two solutions to his three Axioms. The first is Sharing Globalizations Burden. Weber believes that the instability creat ed by the combination of globalization and unipolarity is comfortably fixed by creating sextuple superpowers. With only one superpower more nations will seek nuclear arms because they are without a superpower ally. With multiple superpowers smaller countries will have no need for nuclear capability because they are protected by a larger superpower.Every country having their sustain nuclear weapon will no longer be a necessity. In a multi-superpower world, great powers will split the responsibility of monitoring nuclear growth around the world, and be able to team up when trouble arises. Weber believes that this theory can be applied in other areas as well. Global public health will be significantly improved with a multi-super power world. Poor countries where humans live in close law of proximity to farm animals are the best place to breed extremely dangerous zoonotic disease. These are often the same countries that feel threatened by American power. With a more health consciou s global leaders, intervention in these countries will be made easier.Webers second solution is Restoring the Balance. Weber explains that the United States continues dissuading potential competitors from challenging the United States, its allies and partners. In other words More American power is always better. George Kennan brought this problem to the worlds attention in the 1940s, when he suggested a European country rise to restrain the United States power. Kennan believed that too much power leads to overreach, arrogance and insensitivity toward the concerns of others. In the U. S. n anti-globalization mood is coming from both conservatives and liberals who are blaming the problems of the world on globalization. But, Weber believes that the reconnection of societies, economies, and minds that political borders have kept apart will only do our global community good. A change in the global balance of power will only help the United States manage some of the be and consequence s of globalization. Webers explanation of globalization, its problems, and his solutions are very persuading. Although I feel as though there are a few fallacies, one be that he gives two solutions they are one in the same.His main point in both solutions is to introduce more superpowers to our global community. He failed to denotation that America is no longer the potent, manufacturing-based superpower that it was when President Kennedy was in office. Instead, the America of 2010 is a frail impostor of that long lost superpower. Weber also did not mention many of the other advantages for going global. These reasons being growth opportunities, and economies of equal scale. Webers argument is strong, but he also didnt mention that the United States recession is cause for another superpower to rise and that they should take advantage of it as soon as possible.Referencehttp//ezinearticles.com/?Reasons-for-Globalization&id=1132215

Liberal Arts vs Science Essay

grown blinds mess with the sections of rearing that specialize in im dieing general acquaintance to learners. This is usually meant to build a strong intellectual capacity on general subjects that would non require technical or purge skipper skills. The sections of arts that are rudimentaryally seen as to be in this category include languages, philosophy, music, basic arithmetic and history. In as much as humanities are considered to be part of prominent arts, they my lean towards scientific processes wish those in geography and research sciences.On the early(a) hand, sciences are base on technical subjects wish physics and chemistry. Scientific knowledge is specific and can be base on a plethora of scientific specialties. Some examples whitethorn include biology, physics, engineering and medicine. Other areas in sciences that are specific can include actuarial science and applied mathematics. Developments in the current macrocosm of program line indicate that to a greater extent than and to a greater extent students are universe encouraged to specialize on sciences than broad(a) arts. Does this signal that lax arts are dead and e realthing is now about science and technology?Specialists in many a(prenominal) quarters live advanced arguments that point to the particular that giving arts are dying fast. Reasons include the detail that more than professionals in sciences receive better compensation packages than their counterparts in extensive arts. The idea that liberal arts are a dying section of education is supported by events. This is cod to the fact that more and more people are embracing education in sciences that seem to be generally more appealing. The Industrial Revolution experienced in the world over seemed to emphasize the fact that the world would lean more towards technical aspects of education than on the arts.During the onset of this revolution in the posthumous nineteenth century, inventions in sciences drove ma ny to pursue technical subjects as they seemed to be leading to the around lucrative jobs. Examples lay in the engineering and former(a) technological fields that had strong foundations in sciences. As such, many institutions that were recruiting prospective employees developed pay packages that were tailored to be better than those for employees in the liberal art field. Other factors that point to this being true include the declining budgetary allocation in universities that specialize in liberal arts.This was aggravated by the ecological niche experienced during the period 2008-2009. A study showed that most students who had degrees in the fields and disciplines in liberal arts suffered job cuts and lay-offs during this period (Cook 1) (The Death of Liberal Arts How the recess and Unemployment are making Schools and Students Rethink the Value of an Education in The Humanities 1). The bes of tertiary institutions that cristal courses in these fields have declined by nearly a hundred since the early nineties to date. despite this trend in victimisations, there are facts that point towards this being the truth and there are whatever others that seem to dispute this idea. Current job marketplaces indicate that every employee has to have at least several(prenominal)what basic technical knowledge. This may mostly lie in the knowledge of Information Technology (IT). It is wise to observe that in the modern world, nearly all organizations insist on recruiting employees who have basic knowledge on how to process data using computers. This may be in writing documents or level manipulating data to obtain a desired result.Therefore, most organizations recruit prospective employees with basic computer improvement skills. These skills are deemed to be mandatory in communication and other day-to-day activities in the office. On the other hand, most companies that are recruiting prospective employees are insistent upon the ability of employees to integrate wi th the confederacy. This would include the immediate community living within the precincts of the location of such companies or even the prospective customers. To have such abilities, mavin needs to have studied some form of psychology or even sociology.These form part of the liberal arts. Consequently, these companies recruit employees who have studied in these fields and hence have the abilities to mingle with the tell people. This knowledge power be master(prenominal) in marketing or even companies that deal in communications and customer care. Therefore, there are job market patterns that may seem to suggest that liberal arts may not be totally dead. Kathleen Haney, a professor of Philosophy of Education in the University of Houston-Downtown, opines that in the view of a layman, liberal arts are dead.She observes that liberal arts are primarily important in the formative years of education such as the elementary and secondary education. posterior on, when a student needs t o be take more skilled in specific subjects, he may need the knowledge acquired in the elementary and secondary that dealt more on liberal arts. Such skills might include languages so as to travel by with others well. However, in The Liberal Arts and the End of Education, she explains the need for everyone to view liberal arts as losing its shine due to the influence of development.Development, she insists, impresses upon scholars the need to embrace more technical subjects. This she attributes to the need by more organizations to employ people who have knowledge in practical-oriented subjects like sciences. In as much as her works seem to approve of this as the trend, she however goes in the leadhand to implore us to change our mind-frame so that we can see liberal arts as gelid in enabling us to be able to be proficient in these practical subjects. She insists that the more technical subjects would need the services of liberal arts to survive.This she subtly alludes to when sh e says that languages are the essence of understanding and communication. Therefore, she agrees to the fact that liberal arts are losing their shine due to the current patterns in job markets. She however does not encourage this as it might be of detriment to ignore important sections of liberal arts like languages. The trend that she observes goes way back in time and is founded from the early times. The enthusiasm with which liberal arts were embraced before the Industrial Revolution has considerably gone down due to the mentioned facts.There seems to be a number of reasons that have been fronted for this kind of happening. It is only natural that for this, there has to be some form of consequences. The future generations typesetters case a more challenging line of trying to ignore or even do without an important part of education. As a offspring of fact, the consequences might have very heavy repercussions on education in general. The main factor that give contribute to this is the need for people who can efficiently communicate in certain settings.For instance, when languages are abolished in the curriculum, students will need extra efforts to learn foreign languages so that they can earn whole-some multi-cultural competency. An example is when a company needs to venture into a foreign market and it requires one of the staff members to be able to communicate to the natives in their language. This would mean that the staff will be required to learn the native language of the people residing in the area. This might be expensive to guarantee as the only other option is to employ a native. Many people have come up with arguments in support of the notion that liberal arts are dead.However, there are some writers who have come up with opposing arguments that seem to be water-tight. The American Council of Learned Societies has come up with issues that seem to show that the liberal arts are still popular in colleges. It discusses the importance of liberal ar ts in communication and the full understanding of human nature (American Council of Learned Societies 1) (Liberal Arts in American Higher Education Challenges and Opportunities 1). It is subjects like philosophy and psychology that enable scientists like doctors and psychiatrists to understand how to deal with illnesses of the human mind.Coupled with this, the languages help in comprehension of several issues. Their argument is based on the fact that liberal arts build a comprehensive understanding of the human being. This seems to be a very convincing argument since most of sciences deal in the physical part of a human being but not on the moral, spiritual and social part. In the international arena, the science vs. art butchery has taken various forms depending on situations. For instance, many parents still insist on their children taking more professional courses as opposed to them having to take courses in liberal arts.It is of interest to note that many writers attribute this to the diametric priorities that people in the different social classes have. For instance, many students in the upper middle class will not feel pressured to earn degrees in the professional courses that are not seen as art-based. On the other hand, students who have to work to earn money for their fees have always chosen professional courses over the liberal arts. This has been attributed to the fact that the students from affluent families have no worries about fees and which college they feel they want to attend.Their schooling is a matter of choice as opposed to students with limited pecuniary abilities who will be restricted to their budgets due to financial constraints. In conclusion, it has been shown that liberal arts are losing attention as an important part of education. Many factors have pointed to this. It is important to note that the need to study other technical subjects important in scientific development have led this. It is also important to note that the found ations of basic education are laid through and through the use of liberal arts like languages.Therefore, it is pragmatic to stop this trend before it leads to harm. The fact that more and more institutions are beginning to lower the budgetary allocations on liberal arts is worrying. It is worth noting that the recession exposed the weakness in the humanities sector of education as professionals in this field suffered more job cuts. This would actually lead to anyone conclusively saying that the liberal arts are actually dead. However, many a writer has sufficiently come up with arguments that signify the importance of liberal arts in the current and future settings.Therefore, while it is important to note that liberal arts are dying, it is a task set upon us to develop curricula that will ensure that the sections that liberal arts cover in education are taken over by an equally fulfilling branch of education. References Cook, N. The Death of Liberal Arts How the box and Unemploymen t are making Schools and Students Rethink the Value of an Education in The Humanities. (5th April, 2010). Newsweek Web Exclusive. Web. America Council of Learned Societies. Liberal Arts in American Higher Education Challenges and Opportunities. 2005. American Council of Learned Societies. Print.

Module Ten: Text Questions Essay

followup Questions1. What is a questioned written inscription? Describe at least one example of something that baroniness be a questioned document. A questioned document is a document in which the script or type used in its composition causes suspicion. 2. What is an exemplar? What are the best types of exemplars? Exemplars are authorized examples of how a text should look as a reference. The best types of exemplars are the ones of similar content and/or in the same format. 3. What are rude(a) variations? Describe how these may run into. Natural variations are subtle changes in handwriting that occur normally. This usually happen with time.4. How are stamped touch modalitys different from written signatures? Stamped signatures are literal stamps that leave a print of a signature instead of a hand signing. 5. What are some of the typescript machines that document examiners may shoot to investigate? acquire one of these machines and describe what document examiners may look fo r when comparing the machine to a questioned document. Some of the typescript machines that document examiners have to investigate are typewriters, photocopiers, and fax machines. With photocopiers, for example, investigators may closely look for discrepancies between copies, as in that location are little flaws common in every copy.Critical Thinking Questions1. Why are questioned documents historic in forensic science? What is one example of a situation where a questioned document might be an important part of a criminal case? Questioned documents are important in forensic science because the verification of a document could sway a course one way or another. For example, a forged suicide note could suggest foul play. 2. What are some of the ways that a document examiner might try to match a questioned document to a specific typewriter? What aspects might they look at? A document examiner might try to match a questioned document to a specific typewriter by noting possible variatio ns over time that could account for any discrepancies. 3. Imagine that you have been asked to determine whether a signature on a check is authentic or a forgery. What locomote would you take in doing this? What aspects would you examine? If I were to determine whether a signature is genuine of a forgery I would closely examine the strokes and curves of the handwriting.4. Imagine thatyou have been asked to determine whether a will written fifty dollar bill years ago is authentic or a modern-day forgery. How would you go about doing this? What aspects would you examine to supporter you make your determination? To determine whether the will was a forgery or an authentic document I would collect exemplars to compare with the original document. I would closely compare the two and look for suspicious similarities or differences.5. A law enforcement agent is in charge of getting a writing sample from an unhelpful leery. The agent puts the suspect in a comfortable room and has the pers on choose from a set of pencils and ink pens. The agent takes the questioned document and dictates the information to the suspect, having the suspect write down what she says as she reads from the questioned document. After several(prenominal) paragraphs, the agent stops and has the suspect rewrite the material two more times. What did the agent do misuse in this situation? What did the agent do right? The agent should not have given the suspect the free range of writing materials but was correct in the material that they had the suspect write down.

Harmony

Music is quiet by four elements, this elements ar harmony, rhythm, form and melody. I consider harmony to be the most eventful and my personal favorite because harmony is what gives the feeling and character to a meter. The harmony gives emotions to a song, some of this emotions are sadness, happiness and/ darkness. Harmony is any combination of tones simultaneously. It is the structure of medical specialty with respect to the composition and progression of chords. It is ofttimes referred as the vertical side of music with melody being the horizontal side of music.Usually harmonization sounds lovely to the ear as long as the consonant and the dissonant sounds are balanced. Which representation that there is a balance between the tense and the relaxed moments. The word harmony comes from the Greek word harmonia that means agreement and from the verb harmozo that means to Joint. In the past the word harmony was used to refer to the whole field of music while the word music was u sed to refer to the arts in general. There are unlike types of harmony.Some of these types are open position, close position, subordinate and oordinate. Even though some types of music finish outlive without harmony like percussive music that doesnt utilize harmony, doesnt mean that all kinds of music crapper make it without harmony. No, they cant. One of the genres of music that highlights the use of harmony is Jazz. Any music that utilizes instruments like piano, guitar or voices utilizes harmony. A song that I like and highlights the use of harmony is Hotel California by The Eagles.In this song some of the chords they use pantomime the ringing f the mission bell on top of hotel. There is also a Spanish feeling in the song that I think could relate to the Spanish heritage of California. In the antecedent of the song there is also a shaker sound that kind of resembles that of the rattlesnake. When you hear this sound you can imagine a desert. All of this and other sounds in t he song creates a mood. Also during the chorus you can hear a few other voices in the background that resembles there sound of voices echoing through and through the hallways of the hotel.

Inderstanding Consumer Behaviour Towards Luxury Products Essay

Studying consumer demeanor enables marketplaceing exploreers to predict how consumers pay back out pit to promotional messages and to to a lower placestand why they make the secure concludingity they do. sellers realized that if they know more virtually the consumer decision devising criteria, they tramp design marketing strategies and promotional messages that will influence consumers more effectively. The splendour of consumer behaviour make marketers to think of a separate branch in marketing research Consumer research, to accost exclusively for consumer related issues.The current focus of this report is on watch of underlying take and motives in taking bribe decisions, consumer learning care for and attitude formation process. The study has been initiated for Club Mahindra Holidays. The purpose of this study is to fail consumer perceptions of high life harvests and the factors that influence his purchase decisions. The objective is to go through consumer behaviour towards high life outputs and the steps fol junior-gradeed sequence purchasing it.To achieve the above objectives, we first look at how extravagance goods be contrasting from unshakable goods and then go on to explore some facets and trends of the sumptuosity goods as well as their market and consumers. We will understand the definition of sumptuousness products through atomic number 16ary winding research. Post secondary research we will develop a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) hypotheses which will give us the direction for our next step ie meek seek. We will use interview method in qualitative research which will give an perspicacity into the wit of the consumers and their purchase steps relate and then follow it up with quantitative research ( pot method). adopte this we will quantify our move upings for the Indian luxury consumer and their purchasing behaviour. We will analyze the factors that influence the consumers in grease ones palms th e luxury products. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, market varlet 4 dread Consumer demeanor towards lavishness Products investigate Abstract kitchen range This project is a part of a job assigned to the planning department. This project is an humanity-class interpreted to understand the behaviour of consumers towards luxury products. Purchase of a luxury product involves lot of planning and research in the beginning taking any decision.There ar number of factors that affect an individual?s decision making process as well as his choice roughly the product. These factors are different for different types of luxury product. A research into these aspects will give us an insight into the mindset of the consumer and will attend to study the consumer better. order Primary research was done in two steps. ? Qualitative Research sagacity Interview Method ? decimal Research Survey Method 1) Qualitative Research For qualitative research, few high income mint were asked open ended que stions which were formulated found on the secondary research and in line with the hypothesis. erudition interview of 10 people were taken which gave an insight into their purchase behavior and their decision making process for a luxury good. Based on this interviews and a further review of the secondary research reports, a final survey questionnaire was prepared. 2) Quantitative Research For quantitative research, after making the sign questionnaire it was pretested with 5 participants and was improvised. The final sample was 30 with target group being A and A+ socio-economic company people.In June 2009, the survey was conducted to observe the behavior pattern of consumers in buy luxury products. This allowed us to find out about the behaviour of the consumer towards luxury products across assorted income groups. Also we asked them about what all factors Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, market paginate 5 arrest Consumer demeanour towards sumptuosity Products influence them to buy much(prenominal) products and which stigma of products do they feel are luxurious. We in equal manner mum the price range that they feel makes the product luxurious.Thus in future while designing any interactive campaign the output of this survey would be of with child(p) use for positioning the product as a luxury product. Also some secondary entropy was mined regarding what exactly influences an individual? s decision. Conclusion high life products are high social occasion products which control high thinking and are delineate by their exclusivity and brand. They are mostly bought as a emblem of status. People cave in high emotional attachment with luxury products and are mostly influenced by their family members in decision making as most of the products are bought for family use.These products are in addition used as a means to gift their closed ones. Endorsing a film star or sport personality does non affect the image of a luxury product to a great extent. hig h life products give a feeling of pride and most of the purchase decision making is influenced by family members especially spouse. This entire initiative was one of its kinds and will attend the INTERFACE COMMUNICATION to design its campaigns for Club Mahindra Holidays in a demeanor to advertise them as a luxury club. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, trade foliate 6. soul Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products reference I would standardized to give my sincere thanks to my Industry Project Guide Mr. Nilesh Talreja, Senior Executive, strategic be after, Interface Communications and Ms. Nahid Elavia, Account Planner, Strategic Planning for their kind support and guidance during my project and also for providing me with a great opportunity to work with such a valuable organization. I would also same to thank Mrs. Shamla Sathe, Account Planning Head for giving me this great opportunity to work with Account Planning Department.It is her visionary thinking, which has been the guiding force for whole of the division and my report. I would also like to thank Mr. Amit Dhokai, my colleague, who has provided me with the incumbent information and his valuable suggestion and comments on bringing out this project in the best attainable way. I would also like to thank all the faculties at SIMSR who beat helped me directly or indirectly in the completion of this project. I thank Interface Communications (A part of Draft FCB+Ulka) for such a valuable learning experience.Thank you Jitesh A Sanghvi MMS 137 (2008-2010) K. J. Somaiya Institute of Management Studies & Research Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 7 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Sr. no(prenominal) 1 2 2. 1 TABLE OF limit Company Overview subaltern Research Luxury Products Getting to know luxury 2. 2 2. 3 release between regular & luxury goods Consumer Behavior What is Consumer buying Behaviour 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 Stages of Consumer Buying Behaviour Types of Consumer Buying Behav iour Consumer Involvement Causes of Consumer Involvement 2. 7 3 4 4. 1 4.2 5 6 Models of Consumer Involvement Research Method Primary Research Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis Recommendations Appendix 23 26 28 30 35 59 60 17 19 21 15 16 Page No. 9 12 14 Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 8 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products LIST OF FIGURES & CHARTS Sr. No 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 Particulars Difference between regular and Luxury goods Stages of Consumer Buying Behavior Consumer Involvement Page No. 15 18 20 Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 9 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products company OVERVIEW.Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 10 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products About Interface Communications business relationship Interface Communications is the second agency of the Draft FCB Ulka group. The Draft FCB Ulka group has a 125 yr heritage of pioneering purposes which define advertizing and a 40 ye ar heritage in India. Interface has heavy(p) from a single takeice to 5 offices in India and is one of the 1st few Indian agencies to self-praise of a pan Asia network. We are a team of 115 professionals across Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata and Mumbai.Interface is the first Indian agency brand that has gone beyond India. Interface has opened offices in Malaysia, Hong Kong, China. In 2003 we launched operations in Taiwan, Singapore. Work with some of the best known brands in apiece country. Business Interface is a second agency that is created to handle large scale clients. We work with some of the biggest brands across sectors from FMCG to automobiles, from real estate to pay companies, from consumer durables to vacations and many more. Majority of our clients are industry leaders and we are proud to be their strategic partners.Our clients have stuck by us as we are a process dictated company. We have our plowshare of global proprietary tools to provide a strategic edge to the clients we work with. rough of the more often used tools include ? ? ? Mind and Mood and Moments The Wheel VIP and ICON Inspite of being process driven we are lock a very people oriented organization. Our teams work together like a family and there is at all times a casual and jovial Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 11 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products.work environment maintained. We rely in an open door insurance policy where any employee stinkpot express himself/ herself freely. As an organization we believe in constant learning and and then stress on training and development at all times. The Draft FCB Ulka group is one of the barely advertising agencies in India to run a 2 month long training program for cherubic recruits. This program called The Star One training is a rigorous training ground for the future advertising biggies. This program is an annual feature and has been going strong for more than a decade.Draft FCB Ulka and Int erface are some of the few agencies to have a very low attrition rate and most of the ripened level management have been with the company on an average for more than 15 years which is a long time in advertising which sees constant churn. We at Interface live the values we believe in and for us our mantra is We provide strategic communications partnership to our clients to help sell their brands today, and build brand value over time Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 12 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Secondary Research on luxury products Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing.Page 13 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Secondary Research Luxury Products Getting to know luxury Luxury brands have often been associated with the core competences of creativity, exclusivity, craftsmanship, precision, high quality, cosmos and premium pricing. These product attri nonwithstandinges give the consumers the satisfaction of non solitary(pr enominal) owning expensive items but the extra-added psychological benefits like esteem, prestigiousness and a sense of a high status that reminds them and others that they belong to an exclusive group of only a select few, who layabout afford these pricey items.The luxury sector targets its products and supporters at consumers on the top-end of the wealth spectrum. These self-selected elite are more or less price insensitive and choose to swing their time and money on objects that are plainly opulence rather than necessities. For these reasons, luxury and prestige brands have for centuries commanded an unwavering and often illogical customer loyalty. Luxury has never been something easy to define, yet this mystery purpose is something highly desired by one and all alike.We look at delving deeper into this mystery and aura of luxury goods by way of comparing them against regular goods? as well as highlighting the characteristics of the luxury industry. solely beforehand beginn ing with that, lets first attempt to understand some common terms associated in the world of high-end goods ? Luxury and prestige brands such as Rolex, Louis Vuitton and Cartier represent the highest form of craftsmanship and command a kibosh consumer loyalty that is not affected by trends. These brands create and set the seasonal trends and are also surefooted to pulling all of their consumers with them wherever they go.? Premium brands are those brands like Polo Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger that aspire to be luxury and prestige brands but their marketing mix strategies are more attuned to a cud market, albeit a luxury mass market. They are also termed as mass-premium brands or mass-luxury brands. ? Fashion brands on the other hand are those that consultation the masses. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 14 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Difference between regular & luxury goods Fig 1. 1 Differences between Regular and Luxury G oods Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 15.Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Consumer Behaviour What is Consumer Behaviour Buying Behaviour is the decision processes and acts of people complex in buying and use products. Consumer Buying Behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of the ultimate consumer. A firm emergencys to analyze buying behaviour for ? Buyers reactions to a firms marketing scheme has a great impact on the firms success. ? The marketing concept stresses that a firm should create a Marketing Mix (MM) that satisfies (gives utility to) customers, therefore need to analyze the what, where, when and how consumers buy.Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 16 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Stages of Consumer Buying Behaviour Fig 1. 2 Stages of Consumer Buying Behaviour The above figure shows Six Stages to the Consumer Buying Decision Process (For complex decisions). lively purchasing is only one stage of the pr ocess. Not all decision processes lead to a purchase. only consumer decisions do not always include all 6 stages, determined by the percentage point of complexness discussed next. The 6 stages are 1. Problem Recognition (awareness of need)difference between the desired state and the actual condition. famine in assortment of products. Hunger-Food. Hunger stimulates your need to eat. so-and-so be stimulated by the marketer through product informationdid not know you were deficient? i. e. you see a commercial for a naked as a jaybird jibe of shoes, stimulates your recognition that you need a new pair of shoes. 2. Information search-o Internal search, memory. Page 17 Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products o External search if you need more information. Friends and relatives (word of mouth). Marketer dominated sources comparison shopping public sources etc.A successful information search leaves a buyer with possible alternatives, the evoked set. Hungry, desire to go out and eat, evoked set is o o o o Chinese food Indian food Burger king Klondike kates etc 3. Evaluation of Alternativesneed to pretend criteria for evaluation, features the buyer wants or does not want. Rank/weight alternatives or resume search. May decide that you want to eat something spicy, Indian gets highest rank etc. If not satisfied with your choice then returns to the search phase. Can you think of another restaurant? Look in the yellow pages etc.Information from different sources may be treated differently. Marketers try to influence by framing alternatives. 4. Purchase decisionChoose buying alternative, includes product, package, store, method of purchase etc. 5. PurchaseMay differ from decision, time lapse between 4 & 5, product availability. 6. Post-Purchase Evaluationoutcome Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction. Cognitive Dissonance, have you made the right decision. This can be reduced by warranties, after sales communication etc. A fter eating an Indian meal, you may think that you really wanted a Chinese meal instead.Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 18 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Types of Consumer Buying Behaviour There are four types of consumer buying behaviour which are as follows ? Routine Response/Programmed Behaviourbuying low enfolding frequently purchased low cost items need very little search and decision effort purchased almost automatically. Examples include soft drinks, snack foods, milk etc. ? Limited Decision Makingbuying product occasionally. When you need to regain information about unfamiliar brand in a familiar product category, perhaps.Requires a restrict amount of time for information gathering. Examples include Clothesknow product class but not the brand. ? Extensive Decision Making/Complex high involvement, unfamiliar, expensive and / or infrequently bought products (Luxury Products). High degree of economic / performance / psychological risk. Exam ples include cars, homes, computers, education. Spend a lot of time seeking information and deciding. Information from the companies MM friends and relatives, store personnel etc. Go through all six stages of the buying process. ? Impulse buying, no conscious planning. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing.Page 19 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Consumer Involvement Some consumers are characterized as being more involved in products and shopping than others. A consumer who is highly involved with a product would be interested in knowing a lot about it before purchasing. indeed he reads brochures thoroughly, compares brands and models available at different outlets, asks questions, and looks for recommendations. Thus consumer involvement can be defined as heightened state of awareness that motivates consumers to seek out, attend to, and think about product information prior(prenominal) to purchase.Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 20 Understanding Cons umer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Causes of consumer involvement The factors that influences consumer involvement include personal, product and noteal. ? Personal Factors Self-concept, needs and values are the three personal factors that influence the extent of consumer involvement in a product or service. The more product image, the value symbolism inherent in it and the needs it serves are fitting together with the consumer self- image, values and needs, the more likely the consumer is to feel involved in it.Celebrities for event share a certain self image, certain values, and certain needs. They tend to use products and services that study their life style. They get highly involved in purchasing prestigious products like designer wear, import cars, health care products etc. ? Product Factors The consumer involvement grows as the level of perceived risk in the purchase of a good or service increases. It is likely that consumers will feel more involved in the purchase of th eir theatre of operations than in the purchase of tooth paste, it is a much riskier purchase.Product differentiation affects involvement. The involvement increases as the number of alternatives that they have to choose from increases. This may be due to the fact that consumers feel conformation which means greater risk. The pleasure one gets by employ a product or service can also influence involvement. Some products are a greater source of pleasure to the consumer than others. teatime and coffee have a high level of hedonic (pleasure) value compared to, say household cleaners. Hence the involvement is high. Involvement increases when a product gains public attention.Any product, that is socially visible or that is consumed in public, demands high involvement. For role model, involvement in the purchase of car is more than the purchase of household items. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 21 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products ? Situational Factors Th e situation in which the product is brought or used can generate emotional involvement. The reason for purchase or purchase occasion affects involvement. For example, buying a pair of socks for yourself is far less involved than buying a gift for a close friend.Social printing press can significantly increase involvement. One is likely to be more self conscious about the products and brands one looks at when shopping with friends than when shopping alone. The need to make a fast decision also influences involvement. A consumer who needs a new refrigerator and sees a one- day- only sale? at an appliances retail merchant does not have the time to shop round and compare different brands and prices. The eminence of the decision heightens involvement. The involvement is high when the decision is irrevocable, for example when the retailer does not accept return or exchange on the sale items.Thus involvement may be from outside the individual, as with situational involvement or from ins ide the individual as with enduring involvement. It can be induced by a host of personal-product-and situation related factors, many of which can be controlled by the marketer. It affects the ways in which consumers see, process, and send information to others. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 22 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Models of consumer involvement Learn-Feel-Do Hierarchy Model Buying decisions turn according to the way there are taken.Some decisions are taken with lot of thinking others are taken with great feelings. Some are made through force of habit and others are made consciously. The learn-feel-do hierarchy is simple matrix that attributes consumer choice to information (learn), attitude (feel), and behaviour (do) issues. The matrix has four quarter-circles, each specifying a major marketing communication goal to be informative, to be effective, to be habit forming, or promote self-satisfaction. idea and feeling are shown as a con tinuum some decisions involve one or the other and many involve elements of both.High and low importance is also represented as a continuum. Fig 1. 3 Consumer Involvement ? High Involvement / High Thinking Purchases in first quadrant require more information, both because of the importance of the product to the consumer and thinking issues related to the purchases. Major purchases such as cars, houses and other expensive and infrequently buying items come under this category. The strategy model is learn-feel-do. Marketers have to issue full information to get consumer acceptance of the product. Luxury products fall in this category. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 23.Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products ? High Involvement / High Feeling The purchase decisions in second quadrant involve less of information than feeling. Typical purchases tied to self-esteem- jewellery, apparel, cosmetics and accessories come under this category. The strategy model is fe el-learndo. To upgrade purchases marketers essential approach customers with emotion and appeal. ? Low Involvement / Low Feeling The purchases in this quadrant are motivated primarily by the need to satisfy personal tastes, many of which are influenced by self-image.Products like news paper, soft drinks, Liquor etc., fall under this category. Group influences often lead to the purchase of these items. The strategy model is do-feel-learn. It helps marketers to promote products through reference groups and other social factors. ? Low Involvement / Low Thinking It involves less in thinking and more of habitual buying. Products like stationery, groceries, food etc. , fall under this category. Over a period of time any product can fall in this segment. The graphic symbol of information is to differentiate any point of difference? from competitors. Brand loyalty may result manifestly from the habit. The strategy model is do-learn-feel.It suggests that marketers induce trial through va rious sales promotion techniques. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 24 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Research Method The study is classified based on the consumer buying preferences and factors that influence purchase decisions. The research method adopted is exploratory as the research is still in its initial stage and the preliminary information that will be gathered will help in defining the problems and suggest hypotheses. We are set to learn about consumer behaviour across various product categories of luxury.We intend to understand the influence of various factors including family members and friends on purchase decision, emotional attachment with the product, purchase of counterfeit products and endorsing a film or sports personality for luxury product. We also want to understand purchase behaviour for car, planning of holidays and perception of holiday clubs. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 25 Understanding Consumer Behaviour toward s Luxury Products PRIMARY RESEARCH Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 26 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Primary Research Methods Primary research was done in two steps.? Qualitative Research Depth Interview Method ? Quantitative Research Survey Method 1) Qualitative Research For qualitative research, few high income people were asked open ended questions which were formulated based on the secondary research and in line with the hypothesis. Depth interview of 10 people were taken which gave an insight into their purchase behavior and their decision making process for a luxury good. Based on this interviews and a further review of the secondary research reports, a final survey questionnaire was prepared.2) Quantitative Research For quantitative research, after making the initial questionnaire it was pretested with 5 participants and was improvised. The final sample was 30 with target group being A and A+ socio-economic class people. In June 2009, the survey was conducted to observe the behavior pattern of consumers in buying luxury products. Purpose Based on the existing data and the findings of the survey, it can be understood what influences a consumer to buy a luxury product and how to fade a consumer.The different perspectives of luxury products from a consumer?s point of view can be understood giving a detailed insight as to how to position a product as luxury product. Consumer? s expectations from a luxury product will help us to understand the modifications needed in a product to be categorized as luxurious product. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 27 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Sampling Sampling procedure The sample is selected in a random way, but those having a car with nearly worth more than 5lakhs. It was collected through mails and personal visits to the known persons, by formal and informal talks and through filling up the questionnaire prepared.The data has been analyzed by us ing the graphical method prepared in Microsoft Excel. Sample size The sample size of my project is especial(a) to 30 only. This is limited due to time constraints. Sample design Data has been presented with the help of bar graph, pie charts, zaftig graphs etc. Limitation ? Time limitation ? Research has been done only at Mumbai ? Some of the persons were not so responsive ? Possibility of error in data collection ? Possibility of error in analysis of data due to small sample size Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 28.Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Analysis In qualitative research, a personal interview was conducted of 10 people to understand the perception of luxury products and their purchase decision making process. The layout of the interview was Warm up General detail about the person, his family background, his interests and his lifestyle Luxury Product To understand their perception of luxury products and steps involved in purchasing a luxury product. Car, Holiday & Club To understand his perception of a luxurious holiday and his planning process while going on a holiday.To understand his attitude towards clubs and decision making of a car Factors influencing To understand various factors that influence his decision for buying a particular luxury product. For qualitative questionnaire see appendix 1 For quantitative questionnaire see appendix 2 Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 29 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Qualitative Analysis The Depth Interviews conducted gave some valuable insights into the mindset of the consumer? s perception about luxury products and their decision making process during purchase.Some of the interesting responses based on which quantitative questionnaire was made are as follows 1) What is your opinion about luxury products? Depends, it may be different for different people. DVD, TV and other stuffs would be luxury for me. They are good for show off Luxury prod ucts are created by seller. They are not necessities for a buyer but a need has been created by the seller. The way the products are advertised, branded and presented, a need is created to buy it. First and foremost it gives you a satisfaction in life, satisfaction that you are making use of the dreams that are available in the market.It can also be used as a status symbol. If you can afford it one must consider luxury products. What is the point if you can earn so much money and still dont spend on luxury products? Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 30 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products Observation Luxury Products have different perceptions with different people. Some think it is a need created by buyer where as some feel these are products good for show-off. Some consider it as a status symbol. 2) Is luxury a necessity? Today a four vehicle has become a necessity. Though a four wheeler is a luxury still it becomes a necessity.Second example is the la test technology mobile phones. We use mobile phones even while travelling, before sleeping, after get up, checking emails. So whatever you say about these products they have become a necessity. It is all in the minds of the people. If they get attracted to the promotions of the product and offers, it becomes a necessity for them. As said earlier, the need is created by the seller. 3) Name a few luxury products? expensive Car/Bike Jewellery Club Membership Branded Perfumes run Holidays Expensive Car/Bike Big House Jewellery Trendy Mobile Club Membership snuff it Holidays.Club Membership Travel Holidays Electronic Gadgets Branded Perfumes Branded Apparels Club Membership Electronic Gadgets Travel Holidays Branded Perfumes Branded Apparels Observation Club Membership, Travel Holidays and Expensive Car/Bike are considered Luxury products whereas other products like Jewellery, Electronic Gadgets, Branded Perfumes and Branded Apparels are considered semi-luxury products. Jitesh Sangh vi MMS -137, Marketing Page 31 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products 4) Can you take us through the entire process of buying this product right from the wish to buy actual purchase?My process to buy a new house started 10-12 years back. I saw an advertisement in the newspaper and then went and saw the house. Once finalised, I took a loan, sold the old house and bought this new house. My old car was giving me lot of problem. So I decided to buy this new car. I wished to buy this a year back. I didnt want to take loan, so saved money for a year and finally bought this. In this period, the prices went down, so it helped me. I had a car before I bought this new one. It took me 2 years to buy this. It was the European car of the year. I saw the ad in the newspaper and decided I wanted to buy this.Observation Purchase of a luxury product requires lot of planning and it takes many months to buy such high value products. Proper research and information needs to be obt ained about the product before finalising the product. 5) What is your opinion of holiday clubs? Would you consider them as a luxury holiday club? If you travel around a lot, than it is worth. It is not a luxury holiday because they have different offers which are affordable by most of the people. I would consider it as a luxury. Most of these packages are designed in such a manner that you can get discount during weekdays. Weekends are expensive.So those are the times when you have time. They are good and give you the necessary relaxation. I don? t consider them entirely luxury because nowadays most of the people can afford it. Observation Opinions about holiday clubs are varied as there is not clear understanding of necessity. There are number of clubs providing cheap holidays and so clubs seem to be losing on the title of luxury club. Jitesh Sanghvi MMS -137, Marketing Page 32 Understanding Consumer Behaviour towards Luxury Products 6) Would you buy a counterfeit Rolex watc h for a cheaper price? I am not a watch person so I would definitely go for a counterfeit. But for.